{"id":1648,"date":"2023-11-08T15:06:01","date_gmt":"2023-11-08T15:06:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/clockify.me\/learn\/?p=1648"},"modified":"2025-02-03T00:00:00","modified_gmt":"2025-02-03T00:00:00","slug":"right-to-work-states","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/clockify.me\/learn\/pt\/business-management\/right-to-work-states\/","title":{"rendered":"Estados com Leis do Direito ao Trabalho nos EUA \u2014 Guia de 2025"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"translation-block\">The right-to-work law dictates that you can\u2019t require your employees to become union members as a condition of employment. On the other hand, in states where this law isn\u2019t in effect, it may be possible to withdraw union fees from your workers\u2019 wages under certain conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">In any case, to make sure your business doesn\u2019t violate any labor laws, it\u2019s essential to keep up with the so-called right-to-work laws in your state.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">If you\u2019d like to learn more about the states which have and haven\u2019t passed the right-to-work law, stick with us.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">In this right-to-work states guide, we\u2019ll:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Explain what a right-to-work law is,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Define a right-to-work state,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Tell you which US states have right-to-work laws and which don\u2019t,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Let you know if there are any federal right-to-work laws, and<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Provide you with some answers to frequently asked questions related to right-to-work states.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">*Note: The information regarding right-to-work laws and regulations in the US has been checked and updated for 2025.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1200\" height=\"600\" src=\"https:\/\/clockify.me\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Right-to-work-states-guide-cover.jpg\" alt=\"Right to work states guide - cover\" class=\"wp-image-3079\" srcset=\"https:\/\/clockify.me\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Right-to-work-states-guide-cover.jpg 1200w, https:\/\/clockify.me\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Right-to-work-states-guide-cover-300x150.jpg 300w, https:\/\/clockify.me\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Right-to-work-states-guide-cover-1024x512.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/clockify.me\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Right-to-work-states-guide-cover-768x384.jpg 768w, https:\/\/clockify.me\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Right-to-work-states-guide-cover-18x9.jpg 18w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list key-takeaways\">\n<li class=\"translation-block\">The right-to-work law aims to give US employees the freedom to decide whether they want to be a part of a labor organization.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Some states that don\u2019t have right-to-work laws allow employers to require employees to join a labor union as a condition of employment.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">In the states that haven\u2019t enacted right-to-work laws, employers are typically permitted to withdraw union dues from workers\u2019 wages, even if they\u2019re not members of any labor organization.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">The National Labor Relations Act is a federal law that protects the rights of private-sector employees to bargain collectively through the representative of their choosing.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"what-is-a-right-to-work-law\" class=\"wp-block-heading translation-block\">What is a right-to-work law?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">The <a href=\"https:\/\/www.federalreserve.gov\/econres\/notes\/feds-notes\/understanding-workers-financial-wellbeing-in-states-with-right-to-work-laws-20230908.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">right-to-work law in the US<\/a> is a law that says that workers aren\u2019t required to join a union at their workplace nor pay any union dues \u201cas a condition of their employment.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">In other words, a right-to-work law is a US law that gives workers the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nrtw.org\/right-to-work-frequently-asked-questions\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">freedom to choose whether they want to join a labor union<\/a> at the company they are working for or not.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"what-is-meant-by-a-right-to-work-state\" class=\"wp-block-heading translation-block\">What is meant by a right-to-work state?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">A <a href=\"https:\/\/www.law.cornell.edu\/wex\/right_to_work_state\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">right-to-work state<\/a> is a state that \u201chas a law prohibiting union security agreements.\u201d In such cases, the employer <a href=\"https:\/\/www.dol.gov\/sites\/dolgov\/files\/olms\/regs\/compliance\/eo_posters\/employeerightsposter2page_19final.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">can\u2019t demand that the employees join a labor union<\/a> and\/or pay union fees.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">According to the said source, if workers are represented by unions, such employees are obliged to pay union dues. Union dues are the amounts that such workers need to pay within 30 days after they are hired.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">\n<div class=\"banner banner-dark clockify-gradient-landing-1\">\n    <div class=\"banner-text lg:pr-[6rem]\">\n        <h2 class=\"translation-block text-2xl !mb-4\">Free time tracker<\/h2>\n        <p class=\"translation-block !text-sm\">Time tracking software used by millions. Clockify by CAKE.com is a time tracker and timesheet app that lets you track work hours across projects.<\/p>\n\n        <div class=\"banner-buttons d-flex space-x-4 translation-block\">\n            <a class=\"rounded-md px-6 py-2 bg-white\" href=\"https:\/\/clockify.me\" target=\"_blank\">Learn more<\/a>\n\n                            <a class=\"button-2\" href=\"https:\/\/clockify.me\/apps\" target=\"_blank\">Download<\/a>\n                    <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n    <div class=\"banner-image banner-image-middle \">\n        <picture>\n            <source srcset=\"https:\/\/clockify.me\/learn\/wp-content\/themes\/cake-learn\/src\/images\/clockify\/banners\/landing-1@2x.png 2x\" alt=\"Illustration\"  media=\"(min-width: 1022px)\" \/>\n            <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/clockify.me\/learn\/wp-content\/themes\/cake-learn\/src\/images\/clockify\/banners\/landing-1.png\"  alt=\"Illustration\" \/>\n        <\/picture>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n    <\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"what-states-are-right-to-work-states\" class=\"wp-block-heading translation-block\">What states are right-to-work states?&nbsp;<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">While some states in the US have right-to-work laws, others don\u2019t. To see all US states and their status when it comes to right-to-work laws, take a look at the table below.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">We also included the \u201cNotes\u201d section in the table to explain any additional laws and regulations regarding labor unions and workers\u2019 rights in the US.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">This table refers to workers who are employed by the federal, state, or local government (it doesn\u2019t refer to private-sector employees).&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table responsive\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>State<\/th><th>Right-to-work law<\/th><th>Explanation of the law<\/th><th>Additional notes<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nrtw.org\/right-to-work-states-alabama\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Alabama<\/a><\/td><td>\u2705                          <\/td><td>The state of Alabama\u2019s right-to-work policy declares that no employer may require their employees, as a condition of employment, to:<br>&#8211; Join a union, or refrain from doing so, <br>&#8211; Remain a member of a union they had previously joined, nor <br>&#8211; Pay union dues as a nonmember.<\/td><td>\/<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Alaska<\/td><td>\u274c<\/td><td>\/<\/td><td>Following the Janus v. American Federation of State, County and Municipal Employees (AFSCME) decision, <a href=\"https:\/\/law.alaska.gov\/pdf\/opinions\/opinions_2019\/19-002_JANUS.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Attorney General Kevin G. Clarkson released a formal opinion<\/a>. He stated that, in order to protect employees\u2019 constitutional rights, the state of Alaska should prohibit employers from withdrawing union dues and fees from an employee\u2019s paycheck unless the employee gives them the authorization to do so.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nrtw.org\/right-to-work-laws-arizona\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Arizona<\/a><\/td><td>\u2705<\/td><td>The state of Arizona\u2019s right-to-work policy prohibits employers from: <br>&#8211; Denying employment on the basis of individual\u2019s union membership or nonmembership, and <br>&#8211; Coercing employees into joining a union (i.e. threatening them, or their families, or interfering with their property).<\/td><td>\/<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nrtw.org\/right-to-work-states-arkansas\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Arkansas<\/a><\/td><td>\u2705<\/td><td>The state of Arkansas\u2019 right-to-work policy states that employees are at liberty to:<br>&#8211; Join, form, or assist in a labor union, <br>&#8211; Bargain collectively (organized labor) or individually (unorganized labor), and <br>&#8211; Refuse to join a union (in which case they aren\u2019t obligated to pay union dues).<\/td><td>\/<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>California<\/td><td>\u274c<\/td><td>\/<\/td><td>According to <a href=\"https:\/\/leginfo.legislature.ca.gov\/faces\/codes_displayText.xhtml?lawCode=GOV&amp;division=4.&amp;title=1.&amp;part=&amp;chapter=10.3.&amp;article=\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">California\u2019s State Employer-Employee Relations Act<\/a>, state employees have the right to form or join the labor union or refrain from doing so. <br>However, a nonmember may have to pay their \u201cfair share fee,\u201d that is, their employer may withdraw a specific fee from their wages for the union\u2019s representational services.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Colorado<\/td><td>\u274c&nbsp;<\/td><td>\/<\/td><td>According to the Colorado Labor Peace Act, employees at most workplaces have the right to form or join a labor union or refrain from doing so.&nbsp;<br>However, an employer has the right to enter into an all-union agreement (an agreement requiring employees to be union members or pay union fees if they aren\u2019t members) with the employees\u2019 representative.&nbsp;<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Connecticut<\/td><td>\u274c<\/td><td>\/<\/td><td>Under <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cga.ct.gov\/2019\/pub\/chap_561.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Connecticut\u2019s Labor Relations Act<\/a>, most employers can\u2019t require an employee to join a labor union or refrain from doing so.&nbsp;<br>However, an employer is allowed to make an agreement with the employees\u2019 representative that requires membership as a condition of employment. Under Connecticut\u2019s collective bargaining laws following the Janus v. AFSCME decision, public employers can\u2019t deduct union fees from an employee who\u2019s a nonmember unless the employee gives them the authorization to do so.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Delaware<\/td><td>\u274c<\/td><td>\/<\/td><td>According to <a href=\"https:\/\/delcode.delaware.gov\/title19\/c013\/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Delaware\u2019s Public Employment Relations Act<\/a>, public employees have the right to form or join labor unions or refrain from doing so. <br>However, an employer has the right to enter into a collective bargaining agreement with the employees\u2019 representative where they may require that each nonmember pays a fair share fee through their wages.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>District of Columbia<\/td><td>\u274c<\/td><td>\/<\/td><td>According to the <a href=\"https:\/\/code.dccouncil.gov\/us\/dc\/council\/code\/sections\/1-617.06\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Code of the District of Columbia, Section \u00a7 1\u2013617.06<\/a>, all employees have the right to form or join a labor union or refrain from doing so. <br>However, an employee may have to become a member of a union as a condition of employment if there\u2019s an agreement requiring so. Furthermore, if there is no such agreement, and the employee chooses not to become a union member, they may still have to pay union fees (a portion of union dues intended for representational services), under the <a href=\"https:\/\/code.dccouncil.gov\/us\/dc\/council\/code\/sections\/1-617.11\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Code of the District of Columbia, Section \u00a7 1\u2013617.11<\/a>.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nrtw.org\/right-to-work-states-florida\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Florida<\/a><\/td><td>\u2705<\/td><td>The state of Florida\u2019s right-to-work policy establishes the workers\u2019 rights to: <br>&#8211; Join, form, or assist a labor organization, <br>&#8211; Refrain from joining a union, and <br>&#8211; Choose the labor representative for collective bargaining. <br>Violation of these provisions is considered a misdemeanor of the second degree, punishable by law.<\/td><td>\/<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nrtw.org\/right-to-work-states-georgia\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Georgia<\/a><\/td><td>\u2705<\/td><td>According to the state of Georgia\u2019s right-to-work policy, it\u2019s unlawful to coerce employees into joining a labor union or refrain from doing so. It\u2019s also prohibited to demand any payment to a labor organization as a condition of employment.<\/td><td>\/<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Hawaii<\/td><td>\u274c<\/td><td>\/<\/td><td>According to the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.capitol.hawaii.gov\/hrscurrent\/Vol02_Ch0046-0115\/HRS0089\/HRS_0089-0003.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Hawai\u02bbi Revised Statutes, Section 89-3<\/a>, public employees have the right to join or form a labor union or refrain from doing so. <br>However, an employer may enter into a collective bargaining agreement saying that each employee is required to join the labor union or pay an identical amount of labor dues as a condition of employment.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nrtw.org\/right-to-work-states-idaho\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Idaho<\/a><\/td><td>\u2705<\/td><td>According to the state of Idaho\u2019s right-to-work policy, freedom of choice is guaranteed, as no employer can require the employee, as a condition of employment, to do the following: <br>&#8211; To refrain from supporting a labor organization of their choice, <br>&#8211; To join, or remain in a labor organization against their will, <br>&#8211; To pay any amount of money to a labor organization in the form of fees, assessment, or charity, and <br>&#8211; To be recommended, referred, approved, or cleared through or by a labor union.<\/td><td>\/<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Illinois<\/td><td>\u274c<\/td><td>\/<\/td><td>According to the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ilga.gov\/legislation\/ilcs\/ilcs3.asp?ActID=108&amp;ChapterID=2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Illinois Public Labor Relations Act<\/a>, public employees have the right to form or join labor unions or refrain from doing so.&nbsp;<br>However, an employer may enter into a collective bargaining agreement with the employees\u2019 representative where they may require that each nonmember pays a fair share fee through their wages.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nrtw.org\/right-to-work-states-indiana\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Indiana<\/a><\/td><td>\u2705<\/td><td>The state of Indiana\u2019s right-to-work policy permits agreements that would require employees to:<br>&#8211; Become members of a labor union, <br>&#8211; Pay dues, fees, assessments, or similar charges to a labor union, <br>&#8211; Pay the equivalent of union dues to a charity or a third party.<\/td><td>\/<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nrtw.org\/right-to-work-states-iowa\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Iowa<\/a><\/td><td>\u2705<\/td><td>As per the state of Iowa\u2019s right-to-work policy, employees are free to:<br>&#8211; Organize, form, join, or assist in any labor union, <br>&#8211; Participate in collective negotiations through representatives of their choice, <br>&#8211; Refuse to join and\/or participate in activities of a labor union, and <br>&#8211; Pay union dues.<\/td><td>\/<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nrtw.org\/right-to-work-states-kansas\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Kansas<\/a><\/td><td>\u2705<\/td><td>The state of Kansas\u2019 right-to-work policy states that no one can be denied work on the basis of labor union membership or nonmembership. <br>An employee whose employer violated this policy has the right to take civil action for damages.<\/td><td>\/<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nrtw.org\/know-your-rights\/special-legal-notice-to-kentucky-workers-what-kentuckys-right-to-work-law-means-for-your-rights\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Kentucky<\/a><\/td><td>\u2705<\/td><td>The state of Kentucky\u2019s right-to-work policy gives employees the freedom to choose whether they want to be part of an employee union, or financially support such a union. Kentucky\u2019s RTW law applies to most employees, except for federal workers, such as those working in the airline industry.<\/td><td>\/<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nrtw.org\/right-to-work-states-louisiana\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Louisiana<\/a><\/td><td>\u2705<\/td><td>The state of Louisiana\u2019s right-to-work policy states that all workers shall join or refrain from joining any labor organization without the fear of punishment.<\/td><td>\/<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Maine<\/td><td>\u274c<\/td><td>\/<\/td><td>According to the <a href=\"https:\/\/legislature.maine.gov\/statutes\/26\/title26sec963.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Maine Municipal Public Employees Labor Relations Law<\/a>, public employees have the right to form or join a labor union or refrain from doing so. <br>However, an employee may be required to pay a fair share fee for the union\u2019s representational services.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Maryland<\/td><td>\u274c<\/td><td>\/<\/td><td>According to the <a href=\"https:\/\/mgaleg.maryland.gov\/mgawebsite\/Laws\/StatuteText?article=gle&amp;section=4-304&amp;enactments=false\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Maryland Labor and Employment Statute<\/a>, any type of promise (whether oral or written) of becoming or not becoming a member of a union made between an employee and an employer is invalid.&nbsp;<br>Furthermore, as <a href=\"https:\/\/laborboard.maryland.gov\/Pages\/default.aspx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Maryland Collective Bargaining Law<\/a> indicates, state employees have the right to form or join a labor union or refrain from doing so. Employers <a href=\"https:\/\/oag.maryland.gov\/Pages\/oag.aspx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">may not deduct a fair-share fee<\/a> from nonmembers\u2019 wages without their consent.<br>However, an employee may be required to pay union fees if they are represented by that union.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Massachusetts<\/td><td>\u274c<\/td><td>\/<\/td><td>According to <a href=\"https:\/\/malegislature.gov\/Laws\/GeneralLaws\/PartI\/TitleXXI\/Chapter150A\/Section4\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Massachusetts Labor Relations Law<\/a>, employees at most workplaces have the right to form or join a labor union or refrain from doing so. <br>However, an employer may enter into an agreement with the employees\u2019 representative that requires membership as a condition of employment. Furthermore, an employer may require each employee to pay a fee for the union\u2019s representational services if there\u2019s a <a href=\"https:\/\/malegislature.gov\/Laws\/GeneralLaws\/PartI\/TitleXXI\/Chapter150E\/Section2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">collective bargaining agreement<\/a> that states so.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nrtw.org\/michigan-public-sector-notice\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Michigan<\/a><\/td><td>\u2705<\/td><td>Due to recent changes, the state of Michigan\u2019s right-to-work policy is still valid <strong>only when it comes to the public sector<\/strong>. RTW law in relation to the private sector has been repealed.<\/td><td>On March 24, 2023, the Senate introduced Bill No. 34 to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.shrm.org\/topics-tools\/tools\/express-requests\/michigan-repeals-right-work-law\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">repeal Michigan\u2019s right-to-work law<\/a>.&nbsp;<br>The repeal took effect on February 13, 2024. <br>Under this Bill, private-sector employers may enter into a collective bargaining agreement with the labor union and require each employee who\u2019s a part of the bargaining unit to pay a fair share fee.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Minnesota<\/td><td>\u274c<\/td><td>\/<\/td><td>According to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.revisor.mn.gov\/statutes\/cite\/179A.06\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Minnesota Statutes, Section 179A.06<\/a>, public employees have the right to form or join a labor union or refrain from doing so. <br>However, an employer may enter into an all-union agreement with the employees\u2019 representative. Moreover, employees who are nonmembers may also be required to pay their fair share fee for the union\u2019s representational services.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nrtw.org\/right-to-work-states-mississippi\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Mississippi<\/a><\/td><td>\u2705<\/td><td>The state of Mississippi&#8217;s right-to-work policy prohibits denial of work on account of: &#8211; Refusing to join a labor organization, <br>&#8211; Refusing to leave a labor organization, and <br>&#8211; Refusing to pay union fees.<\/td><td>\/<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Missouri<\/td><td>\u274c<\/td><td>\/<\/td><td>According to <a href=\"https:\/\/senate.mo.gov\/23info\/BTS_Web\/Bill.aspx?SessionType=R&amp;BillID=44456\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Missouri\u2019s SB 54 Act<\/a>, employees have the right to form or join a labor union or refrain from doing so.&nbsp;<br>However, this act is valid in counties \u201cwhere the governing body of the county has submitted a question to its qualified voters asking whether the county shall be subject to this act; If a majority of the votes are in favor of the question, the provisions of this act become effective in the county upon approval.\u201d<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Montana<\/td><td>\u274c<\/td><td>\/<\/td><td>According to the <a href=\"https:\/\/archive.legmt.gov\/bills\/mca\/title_0390\/chapter_0310\/part_0020\/section_0010\/0390-0310-0020-0010.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Montana Code Annotated, Section 39-31-201<\/a>, public employees have the right to form or join a labor union or bargain collectively through an agreement. Whether they may refrain from joining a union isn\u2019t clearly stated. Furthermore, each state employee who\u2019s represented by the union may be required to pay a union fee if there\u2019s a collective bargaining agreement that states so.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nrtw.org\/right-to-work-states-nebraska\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Nebraska<\/a><\/td><td>\u2705<\/td><td>The state of Nebraska\u2019s right-to-work policy prohibits denial of employment on the basis of labor union membership or nonmembership. No individual, association, or corporation is permitted to enter into any contract (oral or written) that would exclude anyone from employment due to affiliation with a labor organization or lack thereof.<\/td><td>\/<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nrtw.org\/right-to-work-states-nevada\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Nevada<\/a><\/td><td>\u2705<\/td><td>According to the state of Nevada\u2019s right-to-work policy, it\u2019s unlawful to make any agreement (oral or written) that would require a person to become a member of a labor union, or refrain from doing so, as a condition of employment.<\/td><td>\/<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>New Hampshire<\/td><td>\u274c<\/td><td>\/<\/td><td>According to the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nh.gov\/pelrb\/laws\/a5.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">New Hampshire Public Employee Labor Relations Act<\/a>, public employers can\u2019t deny their employees the right to form or join a labor union or bargain collectively through an agreement. Furthermore, employees may be required to pay certain fees to a union if they are represented by that union.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>New Jersey<\/td><td>\u274c<\/td><td>\/<\/td><td>As an at-will state, New Jersey allows employers to terminate employment without cause, as long as no state or federal laws are violated. <br>The <a href=\"https:\/\/www.njoag.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/LAD-2024.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">New Jersey Law Against Discrimination<\/a> prohibits employers and labor unions from discriminating against persons based on their race, age, gender, marital status, etc.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>New Mexico<\/td><td>\u274c<\/td><td>\/<\/td><td>According to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.billtrack50.com\/billdetail\/998693\/15274\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">New Mexico House Bill 85<\/a>, employers who aren\u2019t governed by the NLRA have the right to enter into union-security agreements with labor organizations.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>New York<\/td><td>\u274c<\/td><td>\/<\/td><td>As the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nysenate.gov\/legislation\/laws\/CVS\/202\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">New York State Public Employees\u2019 Fair Employment Act<\/a> declares, public employees have the right to form or join a labor union or refrain from doing so.&nbsp;<br>However, an employer may enter into an agreement with the employees\u2019 representative that requires membership as a condition of employment.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nrtw.org\/right-to-work-states-north-carolina\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">North Carolina<\/a><\/td><td>\u2705<\/td><td>The state of North Carolina\u2019s right-to-work policy makes it unlawful to: <br>&#8211; Require labor union membership as a condition of employment, <br>&#8211; Require payment of union dues as a condition of employment, and&nbsp;<br>&#8211; Require leaving a labor union as a condition of employment.<\/td><td>\/<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nrtw.org\/right-to-work-states-north-dakota\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">North Dakota<\/a><\/td><td>\u2705<\/td><td>According to the state of North Dakota\u2019s right-to-work policy, employees are free to:<br>&#8211; Join, form, or assist in a labor union, <br>&#8211; Bargain collectively through a representative of their choice, and <br>&#8211; Refuse to join a union.<\/td><td>\/<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Ohio<\/td><td>\u274c<\/td><td>\/<\/td><td>Under the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ohea.org\/your-right-to-organize\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Ohio Revised Code<\/a>, any type of promise (whether oral or written) of becoming or not becoming a member of a union made between an employee and an employer is invalid. Moreover, public employees have the right to form or join a labor union or refrain from doing so. <br>However, an employer may enter into an agreement requiring a nonmember to pay a fair share fee for the union\u2019s representational services as a condition of employment.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nrtw.org\/right-to-work-states-oklahoma\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Oklahoma<\/a><\/td><td>\u2705<\/td><td>The state of Oklahoma\u2019s right-to-work policy states that it\u2019s unlawful to use the condition of employment to:<br>&#8211; Require labor union membership or nonmembership, <br>&#8211; Require payment of union dues, and <br>&#8211; Require persons to be recommended, referred, approved, or cleared by or through a labor union.<\/td><td>\/<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Oregon<\/td><td>\u274c<\/td><td>\/<\/td><td>Under <a href=\"https:\/\/oregon.public.law\/statutes\/ors_663.110\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Oregon Revised Statutes, Section 663.110<\/a>, employees at most workplaces have the right to form or join a labor union or refrain from doing so. <br>However, an employer has the right to enter into an agreement with a labor union that requires each employee to become a member of a union as a condition of employment.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Pennsylvania<\/td><td>\u274c<\/td><td>\/<\/td><td>According to the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.pa.gov\/content\/dam\/copapwp-pagov\/en\/oa\/documents\/policies\/md\/500\/590_1.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Pennsylvania Labor Relations Act<\/a>, employees at most workplaces have the right to form or join a labor union or bargain collectively through an agreement. Furthermore, an employer may enter into an agreement with the employees\u2019 representative that requires membership as a condition of employment.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Rhode Island<\/td><td>\u274c<\/td><td>\/<\/td><td>As the <a href=\"http:\/\/www.rislrb.ri.gov\/pdfs\/RULESREGS2021\/RulesRegs2021.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Rhode Island Labor Relations Act<\/a> states, employees at most workplaces have the right to form or join a labor union or refrain from doing so.&nbsp;<br>However, an employer may enter into an agreement with the employees\u2019 representative that requires membership as a condition of employment. Moreover, an employee who\u2019s a nonmember may be required to pay certain fees to a union if they are represented by that union.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nrtw.org\/right-to-work-states-south-carolina\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">South Carolina<\/a><\/td><td>\u2705<\/td><td>The state of South Carolina\u2019s right-to-work policy prohibits employers from using the condition of employment to force employees to: <br>&#8211; Become members of a labor union, <br>&#8211; Refrain from becoming members of a labor union, and <br>&#8211; Pay union dues.<\/td><td>\/<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nrtw.org\/right-to-work-states-south-dakota\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">South Dakota<\/a><\/td><td>\u2705<\/td><td>The state of South Dakota\u2019s right-to-work policy makes it unlawful to: <br>&#8211; Deny work for refusing to join or refrain from joining a labor organization, and <br>&#8211; Enter into any agreement that would violate a person\u2019s right to work. <br>Violation of these provisions is classified as a misdemeanor.<\/td><td>\/<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nrtw.org\/right-to-work-states-tennessee\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Tennessee<\/a><\/td><td>\u2705<\/td><td>The state of Tennessee\u2019s right-to-work policy allows employees to: <br>&#8211; Freely join or leave a labor organization, <br>&#8211; Bargain individually or collectively, and <br>&#8211; Refuse to pay union fees.<br>Violation of these provisions by the employer is classified as a Class A misdemeanor.<\/td><td>\/<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nrtw.org\/right-to-work-states-texas\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Texas<\/a><\/td><td>\u2705<\/td><td>The state of Texas\u2019 right-to-work policy protects persons from being denied employment for: <br>&#8211; Refusing to join or leave a labor organization, and<br>&#8211; Failing to pay union fees.<\/td><td>\/<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nrtw.org\/right-to-work-states-utah\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Utah<\/a><\/td><td>\u2705<\/td><td>According to the state of Utah\u2019s right-to-work policy, it\u2019s unlawful for an employer to require any person to join a labor union or refrain from doing so, as a condition of employment. The employer is also prohibited from requiring employees to pay union dues. <br>Violation of these provisions is classified as a misdemeanor. A person who was denied employment in violation of Utah\u2019s right-to-work law is entitled to compensation.<\/td><td>\/<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Vermont<\/td><td>\u274c<\/td><td>\/<\/td><td>According to <a href=\"https:\/\/legislature.vermont.gov\/statutes\/section\/03\/027\/00903\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Vermont\u2019s State Employees Labor Relations Act<\/a>, a state employee has the right to form or join a labor union or refrain from doing so. <br>However, an employer may enter into an agreement with the employees\u2019 representative that requires membership as a condition of employment. Furthermore, an employee who\u2019s a nonmember may be required to pay their fair share fee for the union\u2019s representational services.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nrtw.org\/right-to-work-states-virginia\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Virginia<\/a><\/td><td>\u2705<\/td><td>The state of Virginia\u2019s right-to-work policy prohibits employers from: <br>&#8211; Denying employment due to membership or nonmembership in any labor union, <br>&#8211; Requiring payment of union fees, and <br>&#8211; Entering into an agreement (oral or written) that would require a person to become a member of a labor union as a condition of employment.<\/td><td>\/<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Washington<\/td><td>\u274c<\/td><td>\/<\/td><td>Under the <a href=\"https:\/\/app.leg.wa.gov\/rcw\/default.aspx?cite=41.80.050\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Revised Code of Washington, Section 41.80.050<\/a>, state employees have the right to form or join a labor union or refrain from doing so. Furthermore, an employee who\u2019s a nonmember may be required to pay their fair share fee for the union\u2019s representational services.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nrtw.org\/WVSpecialLegalNotice\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">West Virginia<\/a><\/td><td>\u2705<\/td><td>According to the state of West Virginia\u2019s right-to-work policy, employees are free to:<br>&#8211; Join or leave any labor union, and <br>&#8211; Refuse to pay union dues.<\/td><td>\/<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nrtw.org\/special-legal-notice-to-wisconsin-workers-what-wisconsin-s-right-to-work-law-means-for-your-rights\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Wisconsin<\/a><\/td><td>\u2705<\/td><td>The state of Wisconsin\u2019s right-to-work policy gives the right to employees to become members of any labor organization or refrain from doing so. They also can\u2019t be forced to pay union dues.<\/td><td>\/<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nrtw.org\/right-to-work-states-wyoming\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Wyoming<\/a><\/td><td>\u2705<\/td><td>The state of Wyoming\u2019s right-to-work policy prohibits employers from requiring employees to: <br>&#8211; Join or remain in a labor organization, <br>&#8211; Leave a labor organization,<br>&#8211; Pay labor dues, and <br>&#8211; To be recommended, referred, approved, or cleared through or by a labor union.<\/td><td>\/<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"custom-btn translation-block\"><a href=\"https:\/\/app.clockify.me\/en\/signup\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Track time with Clockify<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"what-are-the-federal-right-to-work-laws\" class=\"wp-block-heading translation-block\">What are the federal right-to-work laws?&nbsp;<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">The <a href=\"https:\/\/www.archives.gov\/milestone-documents\/national-labor-relations-act\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">National Labor Relations Act (NLRA)<\/a> is the only right-to-work law on a federal level in the US, and it only refers to certain private employers.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">According to the NLRB, the National Labor Relations Act is a<strong> federal law<\/strong> that grants employees the right to:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"translation-block\">form or join employee unions,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">participate in other concerted activities in order to engage in collective bargaining or other form of mutual aid or protection, and<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">refuse to participate in any activities pertaining to any labor organization.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">In addition, the National Labor Relations Act covers only private-sector employees.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">When it comes to public employees, their right-to-work rights depend on laws and regulations issued by each state individually.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">\ud83c\udf93 If you\u2019re interested in finding out how calculating federal taxes works and more, here\u2019s a helpful resource for you \u2014 <a href=\"https:\/\/clockify.me\/learn\/taxes\/paycheck-calculator\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Federal Paycheck Calculator<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:0px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"faqs-about-right-to-work-states\" class=\"wp-block-heading translation-block\">FAQs about right-to-work states<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">To provide you with some additional information regarding right-to-work states, we\u2019ve answered some of the frequently asked questions on this topic, so check out the section below.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"to-sum-up-what-states-are-right-to-work-states\" class=\"wp-block-heading translation-block\">To sum up, what states are right-to-work states?&nbsp;<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">In total, there are 27 US states that have right-to-work laws.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">The following is a list of right-to-work states:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Alabama,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Arizona,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Arkansas,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Florida,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Georgia,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Idaho,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Indiana,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Iowa,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Kansas,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Kentucky,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Louisiana,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Mississippi,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Michigan (only in regard to the public sector),<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Nebraska,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Nevada,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">North Carolina,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">North Dakota,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Oklahoma,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">South Carolina,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">South Dakota,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Tennessee,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Texas,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Utah,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Virginia,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">West Virginia,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Wisconsin, and<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Wyoming.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"to-sum-up-what-states-arent-right-to-work-states\" class=\"wp-block-heading translation-block\">To sum up, what states aren\u2019t right-to-work states?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">There are 24 US states in total that don\u2019t have right-to-work laws.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">The following is a list of states that aren\u2019t right-to-work states:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Alaska,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">California,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Colorado,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Connecticut,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Delaware,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">District of Columbia,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Hawaii,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Illinois,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Maine,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Maryland,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Massachusetts,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Missouri (except in certain counties provided that the right-to-work provisions are voted by the majority),<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Minnesota,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Montana,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">New Hampshire,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">New Jersey,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">New Mexico,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">New York,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Ohio,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Oregon,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Pennsylvania,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Rhode Island,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Vermont, and<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Washington.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"what-is-the-history-of-right-to-work-laws\" class=\"wp-block-heading translation-block\">What is the history of right-to-work laws?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">Originally, the phrase \u201cright to work\u201d was coined by French socialist leader Louis Blanc long before the first right-to-work law was ever enacted.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">According to <a href=\"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/0191453719860220\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">research on the history of right-to-work claims<\/a>, Louis Blanc believed that society \u2014 that is, the state \u2014 should provide employment to everyone. He also believed that every man should have a \u201cright to work.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">On July 5, 1935, former president of the US, Franklin Roosevelt, signed the National Labor Relations Act \u2014 better known as the \u201cWagner Act.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">According to the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.archives.gov\/milestone-documents\/national-labor-relations-act\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">National Archives<\/a>, the motive behind the Wagner Act was to give certain freedoms to employees such as:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"translation-block\">the right to form, join, or assist any labor organization,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">the right to choose their own representatives for the purpose of collective bargaining, and<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">the right to refuse to join a labor organization and pay any related fees.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">In 1947, the law called the \u201cTaft-Hartley Act\u201d was enacted, whose purpose was to modify the Wagner Act by further regulating unions.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">The Taft-Hartley Act was supposed to protect workers from certain \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.trumanlibrary.gov\/education\/presidential-inquiries\/was-taft-hartley-act-good-bill\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">unfair practices by unions<\/a>\u201d such as coercion or discrimination by unions.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">According to the <a href=\"https:\/\/joewilson.house.gov\/media-center\/press-releases\/congressman-wilson-reintroduces-national-right-to-work-act\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">US Representative Joe Wilson\u2019s office<\/a>, in February 2023, Congressman Joe Wilson reintroduced the National Right to Work Act to Congress. With this act, Wilson wanted to ensure the freedom of choice for all US employees regarding union membership and paying union dues.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">However, this act still hasn\u2019t become an official US act.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"what-is-the-difference-between-at-will-and-right-to-work\" class=\"wp-block-heading translation-block\">What is the difference between at-will and right-to-work?&nbsp;<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">According to the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bls.gov\/opub\/mlr\/2001\/01\/art1full.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Bureau of Labor Statistics<\/a>, <strong>at-will employment<\/strong> is a legal doctrine indicating that anyone can enter into an employment contract of a specified validity period. In the absence of such contract, no obligations shall fall on employee nor employer.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">It also dictates that either employer or employee can terminate such a contract for any reason, at any time, unless there\u2019s an employment agreement to state otherwise.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">While <strong>right-to-work laws<\/strong> protect employees against being forced to join a union during their employment, at-will employment laws give both employers and employees certain rights upon the termination of employment.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">\ud83c\udf93<strong> <\/strong>If you want to learn more about at-will employment contracts and what the advantages and disadvantages of at-will employment are for both employers and employees, read the guide below \u2014 <a href=\"https:\/\/clockify.me\/learn\/business-management\/at-will-employment-states\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">At-Will Employment by State Guide<\/a>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"who-is-covered-under-right-to-work-laws\" class=\"wp-block-heading translation-block\">Who is covered under right-to-work laws?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">According to the National Labor Relations Board, <strong>most private-sector workers<\/strong> are covered by the National Labor Relations Act. This act is only applicable on a federal level.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">To be more specific, the NLRA refers to most private-sector employers, such as:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Manufacturers,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Retailers,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Private healthcare facilities, and others.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">The US employees who work for these private-sector employers have the right to choose whether they want to form or join a labor union at their workplace or refrain from joining it. In other words, their decision doesn\u2019t affect their employment.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">On the other hand, the NLRA doesn\u2019t cover:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Workers that are employed by federal, state, or local government,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Agricultural workers,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Independent contractors,&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Workers that are employed by a parent\/spouse, and others.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">As for those workers not covered by the NLRA, their right-to-work laws vary from state to state, as we already explained in the table above. These right-to-work laws define whether a certain employee may have to join a labor union as a condition of employment or pay union fees, for instance.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">When it comes to paying union dues and fees, the rights of the US workers depend on:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"translation-block\">State laws, and&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Courts\u2019 decisions.&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">Moreover, under the NLRA, employers have the right to enter into agreements with labor organizations, such as all-union agreements. These agreements may require all employees in a bargaining unit to pay fees to a labor union or even become union members.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">\ud83c\udf93 Do you want to see if you\u2019re classified as an independent contractor, freelancer, or employee? Or maybe you want to learn how you can pay contractors and freelancers in a simple way? Read the following blog posts and find all the answers you need \u2014 <a href=\"https:\/\/clockify.me\/blog\/managing-teams\/work-categories\/\">Difference Between a Freelancer, a Contractor, and an Employee<\/a> | <a href=\"https:\/\/clockify.me\/blog\/business\/pay-contractors-freelancers\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Pay Independent Contractors (1099 Workers) in 5 Simple Steps<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"what-does-it-mean-to-have-the-legal-right-to-work-in-the-us\" class=\"wp-block-heading translation-block\">What does it mean to have the legal right to work in the US?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">Whether you have the right to work in the US or not mainly depends on your work authorization.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">Being work authorized means that you\u2019re <a href=\"https:\/\/www.e-verify.gov\/faq\/self-check-work-authorization\/what-does-work-authorized-mean\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">legally allowed to be employed in the US<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">Furthermore, US citizens, whether they were born in the US or not but have acquired US citizenship, are automatically authorized to work in the US.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">On the other hand, if you\u2019re not a US citizen, you may still be able to work legally in the US, but under certain conditions.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">As the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.uscis.gov\/working-in-the-united-states\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">United States Citizenship and Immigration Services<\/a> explains, you may be authorized to work in the US if you have an employment-based immigrant visa, for instance. With this type of visa, you can work in the US permanently.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">Then again, if you intend to work in the US for a certain period of time, you may apply for a nonimmigrant visa.&nbsp;As the <a href=\"https:\/\/travel.state.gov\/content\/travel\/en\/us-visas\/visa-information-resources\/wizard.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">US Department of State\u2019s Bureau of Consular Affairs<\/a> also adds, it\u2019s up to either the US embassy or consulate where you apply for a visa to decide what type of visa you qualify for. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">\n<div class=\"banner banner-light clockify-gradient-pricing\">\n    <div class=\"banner-text lg:pr-[6rem]\">\n        <h2 class=\"translation-block text-2xl !mb-4\">Free employee time tracker<\/h2>\n        <p class=\"translation-block !text-sm\">Time tracking software used by millions. Clockify by CAKE.com is a time tracker and timesheet app that lets you track work hours across projects.<\/p>\n\n        <div class=\"banner-buttons d-flex space-x-4 translation-block\">\n            <a class=\"rounded-md px-6 py-2 bg-white\" href=\"https:\/\/clockify.me\/pricing\" target=\"_blank\">See pricing<\/a>\n\n                            <a class=\"button-2\" href=\"https:\/\/clockify.me\/apps\" target=\"_blank\">Download<\/a>\n                    <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n    <div class=\"banner-image banner-image-middle \">\n        <picture>\n            <source srcset=\"https:\/\/clockify.me\/learn\/wp-content\/themes\/cake-learn\/src\/images\/clockify\/banners\/pricing@2x.png 2x\" alt=\"Illustration\"  media=\"(min-width: 1022px)\" \/>\n            <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/clockify.me\/learn\/wp-content\/themes\/cake-learn\/src\/images\/clockify\/banners\/pricing.png\"  alt=\"Illustration\" \/>\n        <\/picture>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n    \u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"right-to-work-states-conclusion-and-disclaimer\" class=\"wp-block-heading translation-block\">Right-to-work states \u2014 Conclusion and Disclaimer<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">If you\u2019re a business owner in the US and want to know whether the right-to-work law applies to you, be sure to check:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"translation-block\">The federal law (the NLRA), and<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">If the state your business is registered in has its own right-to-work law.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">We hope our right-to-work states guide for 2025 has helped you better understand the concept and regulations regarding right-to-work laws in the United States.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">To get more information on right-to-work laws and other labor laws for each state:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Follow the links provided as sources at the end of our guide, and<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Visit the <a href=\"https:\/\/clockify.me\/state-labor-laws\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">State Labor Laws section<\/a> of our website.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">Please bear in mind that this article was written in Q1 of 2025. Thus, it may not include changes introduced after it was published.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">We strongly advise you to consult the appropriate institutions and\/or certified representatives before acting on any legal matters.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">Clockify by <a href=\"https:\/\/cake.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">CAKE.com<\/a> isn\u2019t responsible for any losses or risks incurred should this guide be used without legal guidance.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Mantenha-se atualizado sobre as leis de direito ao trabalho lendo este guia dos estados americanos com direito ao trabalho para 2025.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[4,5],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1648","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-business-management","category-business-regulations"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/clockify.me\/learn\/pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1648","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/clockify.me\/learn\/pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/clockify.me\/learn\/pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/clockify.me\/learn\/pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/8"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/clockify.me\/learn\/pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1648"}],"version-history":[{"count":54,"href":"https:\/\/clockify.me\/learn\/pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1648\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4785,"href":"https:\/\/clockify.me\/learn\/pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1648\/revisions\/4785"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/clockify.me\/learn\/pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1648"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/clockify.me\/learn\/pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1648"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/clockify.me\/learn\/pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1648"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}